Reverse osmosisApplication: In the production processes of beverages and pure water; Water preparation for industries such as pharmaceuticals and electronics ; Desalinated and softened boiler feed water; Desalination of seawater and brackish water; Water use and wastewater treatment in industries such as papermaking, electroplating, and dyeing; Concentration, separation, purification and water preparation in chemical processes;

A film that is selective for the substances passing through is called a semi-permeable membrane. Generally, films that can only allow solvents to pass through but not solutes are regarded as ideal semi-permeable membranes. When the same volume of dilute solution and concentrated solution are placed on both sides of a container respectively, separated by a semi-permeable membrane, the solvent in the dilute solution will naturally pass through the semi-permeable membrane and flow towards the concentrated solution side. The liquid level on the concentrated solution side will be higher than that on the dilute solution side by a certain height, forming a pressure difference and reaching an osmotic equilibrium state. This pressure difference is called osmotic pressure. The magnitude of osmotic pressure is determined by the type, concentration and temperature of the concentrated solution, and is independent of the properties of the semi-permeable membrane. When a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied to the concentrated solution side, the solvent in the concentrated solution will flow towards the dilute solution. The direction of this solvent flow is opposite to the original osmosis direction. This process is called reverse osmosis