Softened water equipment

Softened water equipment, as the name suggests, is a device that reduces water hardness, mainly removing calcium and magnesium ions and scale from water. During the process of softening water, water softening equipment cannot reduce the total salt content in water. It is widely used in hot water boiler systems, heat exchange systems, industrial cooling systems, air conditioning systems, and other water-using equipment systems.

Working principle

The fully automatic sodium ion exchanger adopts the principle of ion exchange to remove calcium, magnesium and other scale-forming ions from water. When the raw water containing hardness ions passes through the resin layer in the exchanger, the calcium and magnesium ions in the water are adsorbed by the resin Sodium ions undergo displacement. The resin adsorbs calcium and magnesium ions while sodium ions enter the water. Thus, the water flowing out of the exchanger is softened water with its hardness removed.

Since the hardness of water is mainly formed and represented by calcium and magnesium, cation exchange resin (water softener) is generally used to remove the hardness of waterCa2+,Mg2+The main components that form scale are displaced and carried out within the resinCa2+,Mg2+The increase, resin removalCa2+,Mg2+Its efficiency gradually decreases.

When the resin has absorbed a certain amount of calcium and magnesium ions, it undergoes regeneration. The regeneration process involves flushing the resin layer with brine from the salt tank to displace the hardness ions on the resin and discharge them out of the tank with the regeneration waste liquid. Thus, the resin regains its softening exchange function.

The hardness of water is mainly formed and represented by calcium and magnesium. The principle of sodium ion exchange softening treatment is to pass the raw water through sodium-type cation exchange resin to reduce the hardness components in the waterCa2+,Mg2+In the resinNa+Exchange with each other, thereby adsorbing substances in waterCa2+,Mg2+Soften the water. As followsRNaRepresenting sodium-type resin, its exchange process is as follows:

2RNa + Ca2+ = R2Ca + 2Na+

2RNa + Mg2+ = R2Mg + 2Na+

That is, after water passes through the sodium ion exchanger, in the waterCa+,Mg+Be replacedNa+.

The general operation process of a control valve is as follows: operation, backwashing, salt suction, slow washing, salt tank water replenishment, and forward washing.

Workflow

The process consists of five steps: working (sometimes called water production, the same below), backwashing, salt absorption (regeneration), slow rinsing (replacement), and fast rinsing. All the processes of different water softening equipment are very similar Recently, due to differences in actual processes or control requirements, there may be some additional procedures. Any water softening equipment based on sodium ion exchange is developed on the basis of these five processes (among which, fully automatic water softening equipment will add a brine recharging process).

Backwashing

After working for a period of time, the equipment will intercept a lot of impurities brought by the raw water on the upper part of the resin. Only after removing these impurities can the ion exchange resin be exposed and the regeneration effect be guaranteed. The backwashing process involves water being washed in from the bottom of the resin and flowing out from the top, which can wash away the dirt trapped at the top. This process usually requires5-15About a minute.

Salt absorption (regeneration)

The process of injecting brine into the resin tank is that traditional equipment uses a salt pump to inject brine, while fully automatic equipment uses a dedicated built-in injector to draw in brine (as long as there is a certain pressure in the incoming water) Ok. In the actual working process, the regeneration effect of salt water flowing slowly through the resin is better than that of simply soaking the resin in salt water. Therefore, water softening equipment all adopt the method of salt water flowing slowly through the resin for regeneration, which is more effective The course generally requires30It takes about minutes, but the actual time is affected by the amount of salt used.

Slow rinsing (displacement)

After the salt water flows through the resin, the process of slowly rinsing all the salt in the resin with the raw water at the same flow rate is called slow rinsing. This is because there are still a large amount of calcium and magnesium on the functional groups during this rinsing process Ions are exchanged with sodium ions. Based on practical experience, this process is the main part of regeneration, so many people refer to it as displacement. This process usually takes the same amount of time as salt absorption, that is30About a minute.

Quick rinse

To thoroughly rinse off the remaining salt, the resin should be flushed with raw water at a flow rate close to the actual working condition. The effluent from this process should be qualified soft water. Under normal circumstances, the quick rinse process is5-15Minutes.