The working principle of water softening equipment

　　The fully automatic sodium ion communicator adopts the principle of ion communication to remove calcium, magnesium and other scale-forming ions in water. When the raw water rich in hardness ions passes through the resin layer inside the communicator, the calcium and magnesium ions in the water are then exchanged with the sodium ions adsorbed by the resin. When the resin adsorbs the calcium and magnesium ions and the sodium ions enter the water, the water flowing out of the communicator is softened water with the hardness removed.

　　The hardness of water is mainly composed of calcium and magnesium and indicated, so cationic communication resin is generally selected(Water softener)Take the waterCa2+,Mg2+(It is the primary component of scale formation)Replace it out and keep it inside the resinCa2+,Mg2+The increase and the removal of resinCa2+,Mg2+Its efficiency gradually decreases.

　　After the resin has absorbed a certain amount of calcium and magnesium ions, it undergoes regeneration. The regeneration process involves flushing the resin layer with brine from the salt tank to displace the hardness ions on the resin and discharge them out of the tank with the regeneration waste liquid. Thus, the resin regains its softening communication function.

　　Commonly usedSofteningWhat are the methods??It is commonly used in China nowadaysSoftened water equipmentThe primary ones are as follows:

　　1"Manual type":

　　This method is the traditional standard one,The first thing is to go with the flow/There are two methods of countercurrent without top pressure. Generally, two carbon steel tanks are connected in parallel. Depending on the technical process, each tank needs to be matched8-11Only manual valves are required (two tanks need to be equipped)16-20(Only valve control), during regeneration, a dedicated salt pump is used to pump the dissolved salt solution into the resin tank (this equipment was once the primary method for domestic water softening equipment).

　　The primary features of this type of water softening equipment structure are: the process is simple and easy to understand, easy to operate, low cost, and suitable for large flow requirements. However, the skills are backward, it occupies a large area, the work consumption is also high, the intensity of the internship operation is relatively high, the corrosion of the salt pump is severe and the maintenance cost is high.

　　2Domestic combined automatic type:

　　Due to the overly complicated application of manual equipment, in20Century90In the early years, a new type of equipment based on combined integrated valves emerged in China. The primary base component of this equipment is a multi-channel integrated valve, which changes the direction of water flow by rolling the valve body. Compared with traditional manual equipment, this kind of equipment takes up much less space and has a high degree of automation. However, due to the selection of time control as the control method, the control accuracy during operation is relatively low. Due to the constraints of planning ideas, processing skills and materials, the planar integrated valves currently adopted by most equipment are prone to wear and tear. Once worn, the possibility of repair is very small. Nowadays, there are many manufacturers of this kind of equipment in the domestic market, and the practical quality of the products varies greatly. The working effect of many devices is not satisfactory.

　　3Imported fully automatic type:

　　In European and American countries, since20Century60Since the era, the initial automation plan for ion communication equipment has been carried out. With the development of industrial technology, multi-way valves and integrated valves, which are different from domestic multi-way valves, have gradually emerged. The main type is multi-way valves, and the main materials are engineering plastics and lead-free brass.

　　Its base component is a multi-channel integrated valve. Generally, a valve plate or piston is selected to control the direction of water flow, and a small motor drives the camshaft (or piston) to act. Due to the better development of industrial skills abroad, this type of equipment has now been developed to a relatively complete level, and the product specifications range from household ones0.2t/hFor industrial use70t/hBoth are available, and the controller has a high degree of automation (the new one can now communicate with industrial computers or general monitoring computers).

　　4Discrete valve fully automatic type:

　　Discrete valves are generally imported fully automatic diaphragm valves or solenoid valves, with a structure similar to that of traditional manual methods, and are equipped with dedicated fully automatic controllers (single-chip microcomputers orPLCTo form a water softening device.

　　Fully automatic equipment is primarily used in situations with large flow rates and can also be used for the transformation of traditional manual equipment. It can convert traditional manual equipment into automated equipment without changing the original equipment pipelines. This will reduce the intensity of operational labor and lower equipment consumption.

　　The standard working process of the fully automatic water softening equipment

　　The standard working process of fully automatic water softening equipment mainly includes: operation(Sometimes it is called water production, the same below)Backwashing, salt absorption(Regeneration)Slow flushing(Replacement)Quickly flush five processes. The entire process of different water softening equipment is very similar. However, due to the differences in practical skills or control requirements, there may be some additional procedures. Any water softening equipment based on sodium ion communication is developed on the basis of these five processes(During this period, the fully automatic water softening equipment will increase the process of salt water recharging).

　　Backwashing of fully automatic water softening equipment: After the softening equipment has been in operation for a period of time, a lot of impurities brought by the raw water will be blocked on the upper part of the resin. Only after removing these impurities can the ion communication resin be exposed and the regeneration effect be ensured. The backwashing process involves water being washed in from the bottom of the resin and flowing out from the top, which can wash away the dirt obstructed from the top. This process generally requires5-15Minute allocation.

　　Fully automatic water softening equipment for salt suction(Regeneration)The process of writing brine into the resin tank is that traditional equipment uses a salt pump to write the brine, while fully automatic equipment uses a dedicated built-in injector to draw in the brine(As long as the incoming water has a certain pressure, it will be fine). During the practical operation of the fully automatic water softening equipment, the regeneration effect of salt water flowing slowly through the resin is better than that of simply soaking the resin in salt water. Therefore, deionized water equipment all adopt the method of salt water flowing slowly through the resin for regeneration. This process generally requires30The internship time is controlled by minutes and is affected by the amount of salt used.

　　Planning for the application of water softening equipment

　　Softened water equipment is widely used in boiler water, air conditioning water softening, desalination, high-purity water production, industrial wastewater treatment, heavy metal and metal recovery, etc. Its application scope mainly includes power, electronics, chemical engineering, metallurgy, environmental protection, biology, medicine, food, light industry, textile and other fields.