Softened water equipmentThat is, a device for reducing water hardness, mainly removing calcium and magnesium ions from water. During the process of softening water by water softening equipment, the total salt content in the water cannot be reduced.

The fully automatic sodium ion exchanger adopts the principle of ion exchange to remove calcium, magnesium and other scale-forming ions from water. Since the hardness of water is mainly formed and represented by calcium and magnesium, the raw water is passed through sodium-type cation exchange resin to reduce the hardness components in the waterCa2+,Mg2+In the resinNa+Exchange with each other, thereby adsorbing substances in waterCa2+,Mg2+Soften the water.

    When the resin absorbs a certain amount of calcium and magnesium ions, they are carried along within the resinCa2+,Mg2+The increase, resin removalCa2+,Mg2+When the efficiency gradually decreases, regeneration is carried out. The regeneration process involves flushing the resin layer with brine from the salt tank to displace the hardness ions on the resin and discharge them out of the tank along with the regeneration waste liquid. Thus, the resin regains its softening exchange function.

toRNaRepresenting sodium-type resin, its exchange process is as follows:

2RNa+Ca2+=R2Ca+2Na+
2RNa+Mg2+=R2Mg+2Na+

The working process of water softening equipment consists of five steps: operation (sometimes called water production, the same below), backwashing, regeneration (salt absorption), replacement (slow rinse), and forward washing (fast rinse). All the processes of different water softening equipment are very similar. However, due to the differences in actual processes or control requirements, there may be some additional procedures. Any water softening equipment based on sodium ion exchange is developed on the basis of these five processes (among which, fully automatic water softening equipment will add a brine recharging process).

1"Work"
    Raw water, under certain pressure and time, passes through the controller and enters the container (resin tank) filled with ion exchange resin. The resin containsNa+With cations in waterCa2+,Mg2+,Fe2+... (etc.) Exchange to make the container release waterCa2+,Mg2+ The ion content meets the set requirements, achieving the softening of hard water.

2Backwashing
    After working for a period of time, the equipment will intercept a lot of impurities brought by the raw water on the upper part of the resin. Only after removing these impurities can the ion exchange resin be exposed and the regeneration effect be guaranteed. The backwashing process involves water being washed in from the bottom of the resin and flowing out from the top, which can wash away the dirt trapped at the top.

    The purpose of backwashing is twofold. Firstly, through backwashing, the compacted resin layer during operation is loosened, which is conducive to the full contact between the resin particles and the regenerant. One is to ensure that the suspended solids and broken resin accumulated on the surface of the resin are discharged along with the backwash water, thereby preventing the water flow resistance of the exchanger from increasing continuously. This process usually requires5-15

3Regeneration (salt absorption
    The process of injecting brine into the resin tank is that traditional equipment uses a salt pump to inject brine, while fully automatic equipment uses a dedicated built-in injector to draw in brine (as long as there is a certain pressure in the incoming water). In the actual working process, the regeneration effect of salt water flowing slowly through the resin is better than that of simply soaking the resin in salt water. Therefore, water softening equipment all adopt the method of salt water flowing slowly through the resin to restore its original exchange capacity. This process usually requires30It takes about minutes, but the actual time is affected by the amount of salt used.

4Replacement (slow cleaning
    After the regenerant has been completely fed in, there is still salt solution in the exchanger that has not participated in the regeneration exchange. It is cleaned with clean water at a flow rate less than or equal to that of the regenerant (slow cleaning) to fully utilize the regeneration effect of the salt solution and reduce the load of the forward wash. Since a large number of calcium and magnesium ions on functional groups are still exchanged with sodium ions during this flushing process, based on practical experience, this process is the main part of regeneration. Therefore, many people refer to this process as displacement. This process usually takes the same amount of time as salt absorption, that is30About a minute.

5Forward wash (quick cleaning
    To thoroughly rinse off the remaining salt, rinse the resin with raw water. The purpose is to clean the residual regeneration waste liquid in the resin layer, usually until the effluent is qualified after cleaning at a normal flow rate. Under normal circumstances, the quick rinse process is5-15Minutes.

6Fill the regeneration tank with water
    Inject water into the regeneration tank equal to the amount of salt required for one regeneration. To ensure that the salt solution concentration in the salt tank can reach saturation, first ensure that the solution time is not less than8Secondly, ensure that there is sufficient salt in the salt tank.

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