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What is the relationship between the alkalinity of water and its hardness?
The hardness of water refers to the total concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, which includes carbonate hardness (calcium and magnesium ions precipitated in the form of carbonic acid through heating, also known as temporary hardness) and non-carbonate hardness (the part of calcium and magnesium ions that cannot precipitate after heating, also known as hardness). The alkalinity of water refers to the content of substances in water that can accept [H+] ions to undergo neutralization reactions with strong acids. The substances that produce alkalinity in water mainly include carbonate alkalinity produced by carbonates, bicarbonate alkalinity produced by bicarbonates, and hydroxide alkalinity produced by the presence of hydroxides. Therefore, alkalinity represents the total amount of carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions, hydroxide ions and some other weak acid salts in water. The aqueous solutions of these salts are all alkaline, but
Details >Explain clearly at one time what COD, BOD and TOC are?
There are many types of organic substances in natural water that cannot be detected separately; only the total amount of organic matter can be tested. The detection indicators for total organic matter include: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total organic carbon (TOC). Now let's talk about what COD, BOD and TOC are. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) refers to the amount of oxidant consumed when treating water samples under certain conditions with a certain strong oxidant, with the unit being mg/L. It is an indicator representing the content of reductive substances in water. In addition to various organic substances, the reducing substances mentioned in the book also include nitrite, sulfide, ferrous salt, etc., but organic substances account for the vast majority. Therefore, chemical oxygen demand (COD) is often used as an indicator to measure the amount of organic matter in water. There are two methods for COD determination: one is potassium dichromate
Details >How to clean reverse osmosis equipment
Beijing Yuanlai answers for you
Details >The water quality of the ultrapure water equipment does not meet the standards
Common causes include
Details >Why do reverse osmosis membranes often get clogged
Beijing Yuanlai will give you a detailed introduction
Details >
Yuan LaiEDIThe ultra-pure water equipment uses electro-deionization technology.EDIElectrodeionization is a water purification method that combines the dual advantages of electrodialysis and ion exchange. It does not require acid-base chemical regeneration and can continuously and stably prepare high-purity ultrapure water. Under the action of a direct current electric field, ion separation in water is completed. At the same time, water is electrolyzed to generate hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, achieving automatic regeneration of the resin without the need to stop the machine for manual regeneration. The pre-treatment combined with reverse osmosis can prevent oxidized substances from damaging the resin, ensuring stable effluent quality and widely meeting the high-standard water usage requirements of various industries.
The non-negative pressure water supply equipment can be directly connected to the municipal water supply network, making full use of the residual pressure of the original network for superimposed water supply. Fully enclosed operation does not require the construction of a domestic water tank, eliminating secondary pollution. Intelligent variable frequency voltage stabilization, energy-saving, quiet and easy installation, it is the preferred equipment for secondary water supply in high-rise residential buildings and commercial buildings.
Constant pressure water supply equipment is widely used in central air conditioning, floor heating, industrial closed-loop water circulation, and boiler systems. It integrates automatic pressure stabilization, automatic water replenishment, automatic exhaust, pressure relief and buffering functions. It stabilizes the pressure in the pipeline network, eliminates abnormal sounds caused by air blockage, and prevents damage from negative pressure and water shortage in the pipeline. It is an essential supporting equipment for HVAC and circulating water systems.
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